KNIGHT, BENJAMIN INTERVIEW #6878
FIELD WORKER GUS HUMMINGBBRD
July 23, 1937, INTERVIEW WITH BENJAMIN
KNIGHT
On Politics, Sports, Secret Societies,
Railroads and Allotment
Benjamin Knight
is a fullblood Cherokee Indian, born April 30, 1874, and reared in the
Goingsnake District, Cherokee Nation.
He was the son
of Benjamin Knight, a noted politician of that time. His mother was Rachel Soap, a fullblood Cherokee. Ben, as he is better known among his many
friends, did not receive much of an education in the schools of the Cherokee
Nation, only completing the second grade.
His father and
mother separated when Ben was still a small child and he remained with his
mother until he was about fifteen years of age. His father took him to his home at that time and tried to educate
him. He was so nearly grown that he did
not take much interest in school.
Therefore he did not learn much.
Politics at that
time had become an interesting thing to the Cherokees. His father was born politician. Old man Knight did not have much of an
education but he was a good man with many friends among the big politicians of
that time. He was elected sheriff for
three straight terms.
Young Ben was
taught politics at a very early age. He
never was elected to any public office but he was always in the campaigns.
POLITICS
The names of the
present major parties has two meanings in the Cherokee language. Before the Civil War the Cherokees did not
take much interest in politics. Abraham
Lincoln was elected president in 1860 by the Republican Party which was called
the Northern Party and in Cherokee Oo-Ne-Tha-Gla, meaning "Cold." The
Democratic Party was called Southern Party or in Cherokee Oo-Ne-Ga-Na-Wa,
meaning "Warm."
BEN
KNIGHT
The story about
the beginning of politics among the Cherokee was told to Ben by his father who
was an old soldier in the Civil far.
After the Civil War the Cherokees changed their names for these two
parties. That faction of Cherokees that
favored the North in the War organized their own party in the Cherokee
Nation.
The new party was called the National Party. The meaning of the words National in Cherokee being "The supporters of the Union."
The Downing
Party was also organized which consisted mostly of the people that went with
the South. This party in Cherokee was
called "The Vanishing Party."
The term did not
mean that the party was going to vanish.
But the acts of this party when in power was going to cause the Cherokee
Nation to go down, which did happen sometime later. Ben Knight Sr., was a strong supporter of the National Party.
This division
among the Cherokees can be traced back to the old Nation in the East. As long as this world stands this division
will never be unionized among the Cherokees as they were before the Removal.
SECRET
SOCIETIES
The oldest
Secret Society known to the Cherokees was the Kee-Too-Wah. This organization, according to old Ben
Knight, started back in the old country.
He has told young Ben that he and Arch Scraper belonged to this
organization. There are so many
different people who have tried to explain this and he is not able to explain
this as his father did so, so he will not try.
The Pen Indians
was a secret Society which was formed from the said Kee-Too-Wah. This was organized after the immigrants came
to their western home. According to the
way the Cherokees
explain this organization it should be
called Pin Indians instead of Pen. The
Cherokee name being Oo-Nee-Squa-Tee which means a straight pin.
SPORTS
The most famous
sport among the Cherokee when Ben was a young man was the Old Corn Stalk
Shooting. This was a sport where there
was plenty of betting. He has seen
teams bet at these shootings.
They did not bet because they just wanted
to; they had lots of confidence in their supporters, the Medicine Men. This sport took place usually three or four
times a year, the Indians who lived in the various districts of the Cherokee
Ration participating.
The teams
usually consisted of about twenty-five to fifty men. The territory was usually several communities. The early day shooting teams was the Sugar
Mountain, Illinois, Ah-Moo, Flint, Goingsnake, Long Prairie and Delaware.
The Medicine Men
mentioned above was what we would nowadays call fortune tellers. These men could use small beads and by
floating them in the water they could tell whether the team they were helping
was going to win or lose.
The night before
the game all the men in the team and the medicine men stayed up all night. Just at break of day the captain of the team
would select seven men from each of the seven "clans" to be the
starters in the shooting. They usually
shot two games out of three to be considered the winner. The said helper would tell in which game to
bet heavy. He saw at one time a
Cherokee lose a team of oxen at these games.
The Starrs were heavy gamblers at that time. The Starrs owned race horses.
They at one time won a livery barn from a white man at Siloam Springs,
Arkansas.
RAILROADS
and ALLOTMENT
The Cherokees
never were in favor of the railroads or the Allotment of land. The railroad bill was passed by the legislature
without the consent of the majority of the common people. The Allotment Law was passed by the
legislature also, but some of the leaders of the Cherokees protested this and
it was left up to the common people to vote on the bill, A band called the
"Night Hawks" among the Cherokees did not vote in this election and
this lack of interest caused the bill to pass.
This
organization called Night Hawks claims to be the Kee-Too-Wah, or a part of
it. That is a mistake if they had been,
they would have voted in the said election.
The leaders of this organization caused the poorer class to receive the
flint hillsides as their part of the land.
The organization
still has two Ceremonial Grounds; one at Gore, and the other at Chewey,
Oklahoma.